![]() Now that we have defined these terms let us now view visual examples of these terms so that they make more sense. A text block may be formatted (or justified) to be evenly flush (align) right and unevenly aligned (ragged) on the left. Another typographic problem to avoid is a heading that stands alone on a page with the following paragraph on the next page. Last but not least, rags can be defined as the imbalanced alignment of text lines. Orphans fall at the bottom of a column or page, and widows fall at the top of a column or page. Rivers are particularly common in narrow columns of text, where the type size is relatively large. Third, rivers (or text rivers) are the white gaps (or white space) that can appear in columns of type (especially justified text), when there is too much space between words on consecutive lines of text. Orphans can result in too much white space between paragraphs or at the bottom of a page. In addition, it can be a word, part of a word, or very short line that appears by itself at the end of a paragraph. Second, orphans (which are often confused with widows) are paragraph-opening lines that appear by themselves itself at the bottom of a page/column. You can set up the hyphens when you add new words to the user dictionary (see InDesign’s help). Because typeset line endings are automatic, so is the hyphenation. Posted on Jby David Bergsland June 27, 2012. First, widows are paragraph-closing lines which were pushed to the next page/column and left dangling and separated from the rest of the paragraph. Careful of hyphens and eliminate widows and orphans.
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